Abstract: The ability to measure the electronic response of materials in the electronic excited state has been possible since the advent of the laser. However, rational materials design involves the coupling of experiment with computational simulation. The ability of computational molecular dynamics and ab initio simulations to accurately predict the structure and electronic response of materials in the electronic excited state has been limited by computational resources and processing power. Due to these limitations, an avenue for design of electronic excited state materials with the desired electronic response has not existed until very recently. The coupling of electronic and nuclear motions due to electronic excitations is much less well understood. Experimental techniques for studying the structure and vibrational response of materials in the electronic excited state are still in their early infancy. A detailed elucidation of the processes responsible for the electronic and vibrational response of materials in the electronic excited state will enable development of new systems for combustion synthesis and chemical kinetics, and aid in the characterization of photosynthesizers and laser, welding, fuel cell, and battery materials. This talk will discuss existing techniques for the measurement and prediction of properties of materials in the electronic excited state.